Temperature: Tolerant of a fairly wide temperature range but a value of 24-28 °C is recommended for long-term aquarium care.
pH: 6.0-8.0. Somewhere on the alkaline side of neutral is ideal.
Hardness: 90-447 ppm
Conosciuto anche come Convict Cichlid o Ciclasoma Nigrofasciatum.
Temperature: 22-29 °C
pH: Commercially-produced fish are relatively unfussy but some wild populations may require a value as low as 3.0-4.0 in order to breed.
Hardness: 0-179 ppm, again somewhat dependant on origin, with wild fishes more likelt to require negligible to low values.
Temperature: 20-26 °C
pH: Commercially-produced fish are relatively unfussy but wild populations have been collected from habitats with recorde values over the range 5.0-8.0 depending on locality and may have more specific requirements.
Hardness: 18-268 ppm, again somewhat dependant on origin.
Temperature: 22-29 °C
pH: Commercially-produced fish are relatively unfussy but some wild populations may require values of 5.0-6.0 in order to breed.
Hardness: 0-268 ppm, again depending on origin to an extent.